Goal 15: Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss
目標 15：保護、維護及促進領地生態系統的永續使用，永續的管理森林，對抗沙漠化，終止及逆轉土地劣化，並遏止生物多樣性的喪失
Fact & Figures 事實與數據
- Forests are home to more than 80 per cent of all terrestrial species of animals, plants and insects.
- Illicit poaching and trafficking of wildlife continues to thwart conservation efforts, with nearly 7,000 species of animals and plants reported in illegal trade involving 120 countries.
Target 目標
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements 在西元 2020 年以前，依照在國際協定下的義務，保護、恢復及永續使用領地與內陸淡水生態系統與他們的服務，尤其是森林、沼澤、山脈與旱地。
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally 在西元 2020 年以前，進一步落實各式森林的永續管理，終止毀林，恢復遭到破壞的森林，並讓全球的造林增加x%。
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world 在西元 2020 年以前，對抗沙漠化，恢復惡化的土地與土壤，包括受到沙漠化、乾旱及洪水影響的地區，致力實現沒有土地破壞的世界。
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development 在西元 2030 年以前，落實山脈生態系統的保護，包括他們的生物多樣性，以改善他們提供有關永續發展的有益能力。
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species 採取緊急且重要的行動減少自然棲息地的破壞，終止生物多樣性的喪失，在西元 2020 年以前，保護及預防瀕危物種的絕種。
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed 確保基因資源使用所產生的好處得到公平公正的分享，促進基因資源使用的適當管道。
15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products 採取緊急動作終止受保護動植物遭到盜採、盜獵與非法走私，並解決非法野生生物產品的供需。
15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species 在西元 2020 年以前，採取措施以避免侵入型外來物種入侵陸地與水生態系統，且應大幅減少他們的影響，並控管或消除優種。
15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts 在西元 2020 年以前，將生態系統與生物多樣性價值納入國家與地方規劃、發展流程與脫貧策略中。
15.A Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems 動員並大幅增加來自各個地方的財物資源，以保護及永續使用生物多樣性與生態系統
15.B Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation 大幅動員來自各個地方的各階層的資源，以用於永續森林管理，並提供適當的獎勵給開發中國家改善永續森林管理，包括保護及造林。
15.C Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities 改善全球資源，以對抗保護物種的盜採、盜獵與走私，作法包括提高地方社區的能力，以追求永續發展的謀生機會。
個人心得
無論是海洋或陸地生態的兩項目標，我都深刻地感受到用法規與規範來遏止盜獵、盜採是最最消極的作為，關鍵是如何讓人類從心理解到自己只不過是地球上一種生物，我們的智能不是用來消滅其他生物，而是透過有意識地自省來保障其他生物的生存權利。「環境教育從小開始」，當每個人都能感受大自然的美妙，自然會啟動保護它的意念。
永續。Sustainability 